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Reformed Epistemology and the Problem of Religious Diversity
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Epistemology
One of the world's leading epistemologists provides a sophisticated, revisionist introduction to the subjectIn this concise book, one of the world’s leading epistemologists provides a sophisticated, revisionist introduction to the problem of knowledge in Western philosophy.Modern and contemporary accounts of epistemology tend to focus on limited questions of knowledge and skepticism, such as how we can know the external world, other minds, the past through memory, the future through induction, or the world’s depth and structure through inference.This book steps back for a better view of the more general issues posed by the ancient Greek Pyrrhonists.Returning to and illuminating this older, broader epistemological tradition, Ernest Sosa develops an original account of the subject, giving it substance not with Cartesian theology but with science and common sense.Descartes is a part of this ancient tradition, but he goes beyond it by considering not just whether knowledge is possible in the first place, but also how we can properly attain it.In Cartesian epistemology, Sosa finds a virtue-theoretic account, one that he extends beyond the Cartesian context.Once epistemology is viewed in this light, many of its problems can be solved or fall away.The result is an important reevaluation of epistemology that will be essential reading for students and teachers.
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Interactive Epistemology
Robert J Aumann has received numerous prizes, including the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for 2005.With his 1976 paper, 'Agreeing to Disagree', Robert Aumann pioneered the subject of interactive epistemology: the study of what people know, and what they know about what others know.Since then, the discipline has burgeoned enormously.This book documents Aumann's work leading to the 1976 paper and his subsequent contributions to the discipline.The scientific controversies emanating from his work are also included.
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Transcendental Epistemology
Transcendental arguments were prominent in Western philosophy, German idealism, phenomenological tradition, and P.F. Strawson's thinking. They have fallen out of fashion because of their associations with transcendental idealism and verificationism.They are still invoked by important figures in the analytic tradition even if the very same tradition has cast doubt on such arguments.The nature of transcendental arguments remains unclear: Are they supposed to be deductive?Are they synthetic or analytic? If they are a priori, how are they supposed to be about the empirical world?What are their relations to necessity, conceivability, and essence?This Element takes up the challenge of elucidating the nature of transcendental arguments, embedded in the wider context of transcendental epistemology.It will be argued that the key premise 'transcendental conditional' is synthetic, necessary, and a posteriori.
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What is epistemology?
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, scope, and limitations of knowledge. It seeks to understand how we acquire knowledge, what constitutes knowledge, and how we can justify our beliefs. Epistemology explores questions such as: What is the difference between belief and knowledge? How do we know what we know? What are the sources of knowledge? It also examines the relationship between knowledge, truth, and belief. Overall, epistemology is concerned with understanding the nature of knowledge and the processes by which we come to know things.
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What is Kant's epistemology?
Kant's epistemology is centered around the idea that our knowledge of the world is shaped by both our sensory experiences and our innate mental structures. He argued that our minds actively organize and interpret sensory input, rather than passively receiving information from the external world. Kant also introduced the concept of synthetic a priori knowledge, which refers to truths that are not derived from experience but are necessary for our understanding of the world. Overall, Kant's epistemology emphasizes the role of reason and the mind in shaping our knowledge and understanding of reality.
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How can one understand epistemology?
One can understand epistemology by studying the nature of knowledge, belief, and justification. It involves examining how we acquire knowledge, what counts as knowledge, and how we can be justified in our beliefs. By exploring different theories and perspectives on these topics, one can gain a deeper understanding of how we come to know things and how we can be confident in our beliefs. Engaging with philosophical texts, discussions, and thought experiments can also help in understanding the complexities of epistemology.
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What is John Locke's epistemology?
John Locke's epistemology is centered around the idea that knowledge comes from experience and observation. He believed that the mind at birth is a blank slate, or tabula rasa, and that all knowledge is derived from sensory experiences. Locke also emphasized the importance of reason and reflection in understanding and interpreting these experiences. Overall, Locke's epistemology can be characterized as empiricist, as it emphasizes the role of sensory experience in the acquisition of knowledge.
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Extending Hinge Epistemology
Hinge Epistemology is rapidly becoming one of the most exciting areas of epistemology and Wittgenstein studies.In connecting these two fields it brings a revived energy to both, opening them up to fresh developments.The essays in this volume extend the subject in terms of both depth and breadth.They present new voices and challenges within hinge epistemology.They explore new applications and directions of hinge epistemology, particularly as it relates to the philosophy of mind, society, ethics, and the history of ideas.
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Epistemology: Contemporary Readings
This comprehensive anthology draws together classic and contemporary readings by leading philosophers on epistemology.Ideal for any philosophy student, it will prove essential reading for epistemology courses, and is designed to complement Robert Audi's textbook Epistemology: A Contemporary Introduction (Routledge, 1998). Themes covered include, perception, memory, inductive inference, reason and the a priori, the architecture of knowledge, skepticism, the analysis of knowledge, testimony.Each section begins with an introductory essay, guiding students into the topic. Includes articles by:Russell, Hume, Berkeley, Malcolm, Quine, Carnap, J.L.Austin, Pollock, Nozick, Putnam, G.E. Moore, Huemer, Reid, Plato, BonJour, Coady, Carroll, Fumerton, Edwards, Foster, Howson, Urbach, Stove, Empiricus, Oakley, Alston, Gettier, Clark, Goldman, Lehrer, Paxson, DeRose, Dretske, Klein and Chisholm
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Epistemology of Modality
Claims about modality - what is necessary, possible, or impossible - abound in philosophy and go back to Plato.They are also at the heart of contemporary debates in philosophy.But what can we actually know about what is necessary, possible or impossible?This is the first book to provide a thorough introduction to the problem of modal epistemology, examining its main theories and weighing up competing arguments and solutions.Beginning with essential historical background to the problem it explores the following key topics and debates: realism and possible worlds, particularly David Lewis’s modal realism and Armstrong’s combinatorial theory of possibilityanti-realism and possible worlds, including fictionalist accounts and conventionalist views about modalitythree main theories of modal epistemology: conceivability, linguistic undersatnding, and counterfactual reasoning modalismmodal scepticism. Including chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary this book is essential reading for anyone seeking a clear and informative introduction to and assessement of the epistemology of modality.
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Epistemology : An Anthology
New and thoroughly updated, Epistemology: An Anthology continues to represent the most comprehensive and authoritative collection of canonical readings in the theory of knowledge. Concentrates on the central topics of the field, such as skepticism and the Pyrrhonian problematic, the definition of knowledge, and the structure of epistemic justificationOffers coverage of more specific topics, such as foundationalism vs coherentism, and virtue epistemologyPresents wholly new sections on 'Testimony, Memory, and Perception' and 'The Value of Knowledge'Features modified sections on 'The Structure of Knowledge and Justification', 'The Non-Epistemic in Epistemology', and 'The Nature of the Epistemic'Includes many of the most important contributions made in recent decades by several outstanding authors
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What is Kant's theory of epistemology?
Kant's theory of epistemology, as outlined in his Critique of Pure Reason, centers around the idea that our knowledge of the world is shaped by both our sensory experiences and the innate structures of our minds. He argued that our minds actively organize and interpret sensory data through concepts such as space, time, and causality, which are inherent to human cognition. Kant also proposed that there are limits to what we can know about the world, as our understanding is constrained by the nature of our cognitive faculties. Overall, Kant's epistemological theory emphasizes the role of both experience and reason in shaping our knowledge of the world.
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What is the epistemology according to Kant?
According to Kant, epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, scope, and limits of human knowledge. Kant believed that knowledge is not solely derived from sensory experience but also involves the mind's innate structures and concepts. He argued that our understanding of the world is shaped by both our sensory experiences and the a priori concepts of space, time, and causality that are inherent in our minds. Kant's epistemology emphasizes the active role of the mind in organizing and interpreting sensory data to construct our understanding of reality.
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What are the central problems of epistemology?
The central problems of epistemology revolve around the nature, scope, and limits of knowledge. One key problem is the question of how we can know anything at all, and what the criteria for knowledge are. Another central problem is the issue of skepticism, which challenges the possibility of knowledge by raising doubts about the reliability of our senses and reasoning. Additionally, epistemology grapples with the problem of the sources of knowledge, such as whether knowledge comes from experience, reason, or some other source. Overall, the central problems of epistemology concern the nature of knowledge, how we acquire it, and how we can be justified in claiming to know something.
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What is an example of abstraction in epistemology?
An example of abstraction in epistemology is the concept of "justice." In epistemology, justice is an abstract concept that is not directly observable or measurable. It is a complex idea that is formed through the process of abstracting common characteristics from various specific instances of justice. This abstraction allows us to understand and discuss justice as a general concept, even though it may manifest differently in different contexts. Abstraction in epistemology enables us to form general concepts and principles that help us make sense of the world and our experiences.
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