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Pliny's Roman Economy : Natural History, Innovation, and Growth
The first comprehensive study of Pliny the Elder’s economic thought—and its implications for understanding the Roman Empire’s constrained innovation and economic growthThe elder Pliny’s Natural History (77 CE), an astonishing compilation of 20,000 “things worth knowing,” was avowedly intended to be a repository of ancient Mediterranean knowledge for the use of craftsmen and farmers, but this 37-book, 400,000-word work was too expensive, unwieldy, and impractically organized to be of utilitarian value.Yet, as Richard Saller shows, the Natural History offers more insights into Roman ideas about economic growth than any other ancient source.Pliny’s Roman Economy is the first comprehensive study of Pliny’s economic thought and its implications for understanding the economy of the Roman Empire. As Saller reveals, Pliny sometimes anticipates modern economic theory, while at other times his ideas suggest why Rome produced very few major inventions that resulted in sustained economic growth.On one hand, Pliny believed that new knowledge came by accident or divine intervention, not by human initiative; research and development was a foreign concept.When he lists 136 great inventions, they are mostly prehistoric and don’t include a single one from Rome—offering a commentary on Roman innovation and displaying a reverence for the past that contrasts with the attitudes of the eighteenth-century encyclopedists credited with contributing to the Industrial Revolution.On the other hand, Pliny shrewdly recognized that Rome’s lack of competition from other states suppressed incentives for innovation.Pliny’s understanding should be noted because, as Saller shows, recent efforts to use scientific evidence about the ancient climate to measure the Roman economy are flawed. By exploring Pliny’s ideas about discovery, innovation, and growth, Pliny’s Roman Economy makes an important new contribution to the ongoing debate about economic growth in ancient Rome.
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Advanced Green Technology for Environmental Sustainability and Circular Economy
This book elucidates the growing application of greener technology with a circular economic approach and examines the connection among environment, economy, and ecology for an emerging and supportable human society.It focuses on numerous features of environmental sustainability and, more responsibly, labels the technologies and methods essential to overcome growing environmental challenges, including biotechnological methods, cutting-edge research, applications, and procedures. Features:Proposes the latest advances in waste treatment, pollution reduction, and circular economy development based on green technology. Considers the relationship between green technological progress and various forms of circular economy. Describes resource recycling and recovery. Covers advanced technology in bioremediation. Includes reports and case studies highlighting the "how-to" on waste-to-energy generation. This book is aimed at professionals and graduate students in environmental engineering, project management, bioremediation, sustainable development, and waste management.
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Wired for Innovation : How Information Technology Is Reshaping the Economy
Two experts on the information economy explore the true economic value of technology and innovation. A wave of business innovation is driving the productivity resurgence in the U.S. economy. In Wired for Innovation, Erik Brynjolfsson and Adam Saunders describe how information technology directly or indirectly created this productivity explosion, reversing decades of slow growth.They argue that the companies with the highest level of returns to their technology investment are doing more than just buying technology; they are inventing new forms of organizational capital to become digital organizations.These innovations include a cluster of organizational and business-process changes, including broader sharing of information, decentralized decision-making, linking pay and promotions to performance, pruning of non-core products and processes, and greater investments in training and education. Innovation continues through booms and busts. This book provides an essential guide for policy makers and economists who need to understand how information technology is transforming the economy and how it will create value in the coming decade.
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Digital Technology Enabled Circular Economy : Models for Environmental and Resource Sustainability
This book presents cutting-edge findings that draw on the use of AI, the Industrial Internet of Things, Blockchain, and Co-Analytics for the development of Circular Economy (CE) models to make organizational activities more sustainable.A further goal is the development of Digital Technology (DT)–enabled support tools that can be used to further analyze the impact of DT and CE–enabled operational practices used to achieve resource and environmental sustainability. Digital Technology Enabled Circular Economy: Models for Environmental and Resource Sustainability discusses the integration of digital technology-enabledcircular economy models into the manufacturing industries and its advantages for sustainability.It emphasizes the fundamentals and applications and their enactment, as well as integration for the overall organizational development.The book explains the role of digital technologies in food supply chains and multi-life cycle materials for sustainable development and highlights the development of the workforce to facilitate the implementation of smart and advanced technologies.This book presents the development of DT–enabled support tools used to analyze the impact of DT and CE–enabled operational practices on an organization and efforts to achieve resource and environmental sustainability.Case studies that demonstrate how smart digital technology can help firms improve their long-term performance by embracing circular operation methods are also included. Students, academicians, and researchers, as well as managers and stakeholders who are interested in smart, sustainable production, and consumption, together with managers and stakeholders who are interested in ways of implementing them in their organizations, will find this book of interest.It will demonstrate, via the use of real-world case studies, how smart digital technology can help firms improve their long-term performance by embracing circular operating methods.
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Is a post-growth economy possible?
Yes, a post-growth economy is possible. It would involve shifting away from the current focus on endless economic growth and instead prioritizing sustainability, well-being, and equitable distribution of resources. This could involve redefining success and progress beyond GDP growth, implementing policies that promote resource efficiency and conservation, and fostering alternative economic models such as circular economies and steady-state economies. While it would require significant changes in mindset and policy, a post-growth economy is feasible and necessary for addressing pressing environmental and social challenges.
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How to achieve a high-quality economy?
Achieving a high-quality economy involves several key factors. Firstly, investing in education and training to ensure a skilled workforce that can drive innovation and productivity. Secondly, fostering a business-friendly environment that encourages entrepreneurship and competition. Thirdly, maintaining stable economic policies and regulations to provide certainty for businesses and investors. Lastly, promoting sustainable practices to ensure long-term growth and prosperity for all members of society. By focusing on these aspects, a high-quality economy can be achieved.
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How does growth create jobs in the economy?
Growth in the economy creates jobs through several mechanisms. As businesses expand and invest in new projects, they require more workers to meet the increased demand for goods and services. Additionally, growth often leads to higher consumer spending, which in turn drives businesses to hire more employees to meet the rising demand. Furthermore, growth can also stimulate innovation and the creation of new industries, leading to the emergence of new job opportunities in the economy. Overall, sustained economic growth is essential for creating a healthy job market and reducing unemployment.
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What do society, environment, and economy have to do with sustainability?
Society, environment, and economy are all interconnected when it comes to sustainability. Society plays a crucial role in driving sustainable practices through education, awareness, and advocacy. The environment is directly impacted by human activities and is essential for the well-being of society and the economy. The economy relies on natural resources and a healthy environment to thrive, and sustainable practices are necessary to ensure long-term economic stability. Therefore, achieving sustainability requires a balance between the needs of society, the health of the environment, and the strength of the economy.
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Sustainable Development and the Digital Economy : Human-centricity, Sustainability and Resilience in Asia
The advancement of technology, such as data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI), has led to the birth of Industry 4.0, in which technology seems to be the centre of development.However, as the Covid-19 pandemic created havoc, the entire world production chain has been seriously affected, highlighting that machines alone, although fully connected and automated, cannot function without people.This book addresses the pillars of moving towards Industry 5.0 for sustainable development, drawing on examples from Asia. As Asian nations are moving fast toward the digital economy, this edited collection offers new perspectives on understanding emerging business opportunities as well as the challenges faced.Chapters span the three pillars of Industry 5.0, human centricity, sustainability and resilience, and includes topics related to people management for creating wealth, technology advancements in supporting creativity, resilience and agility of organisations, as well as the important issue of sustainability in future industrial development. With rich, empirical studies from leading researchers, this book will be a reference for academics and scholars across business disciplines, including information, technology and innovation management, organisational and strategic management, as well as those interested in industrial development and sustainability.
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Biophysical Economy : Theory, Challenges, and Sustainability
This book explores the concept of transforming the current macroeconomic system from one based on continuous growth that doesn’t recognize the fundamental importance of Earth's natural support structures, to a system consistent with the basic views of biophysical economics that acknowledges that all real wealth ultimately derives from planetary resources, both renewable and non-renewable.It describes how data and information collected by various institutions, government agencies, and the private sector can be integrated with existing management structures to transform the “continuous growth” economy into an economy that functions within understandable boundaries on a finite planet. FeaturesStimulates discussions of the feasibility of a biophysical economy. Discusses the historical developments of biophysical economics. Offers a practical approach to building a biophysical economy. Explores the human experience of living in a biophysical economy. Emphasizes the fragility of life in the Universe as we know it. This book is an excellent resource for academics and students studying sustainable development, as well as for professionals working in the private sector and public institutions with an interest in economic planning for a sustainable future.
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Robots, Automation and the Innovation Economy
Cascades of new technologies and innovations are entering our lives so fast that it is difficult for us to adapt to one innovation before the next becomes embedded into our everyday lives.What happens when the changes brought by technology are so profound that they affect all aspects of our lives?This book explores the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and intelligent robots on individuals, organizations and society, specifically examining the impact on jobs and workplaces in the future.It provides an understanding of how we can adapt to changes that appear like flocks of black swans. Five key areas are unpacked in the book: automation, AI, (the significance of AI technology), innovation, competence transformation, and the fact that the pace of change is so rapid that it outstrips our ability to adapt to consecutive changes.The main objective is to show how AI will change society and how we as individuals and society must adapt in order to survive what the author terms ‘robot shock’, together with its consequences and after-effects.It offers a greater understanding of resistance to change and how we need to adopt strategies for adapting to major changes.Each of the book’s six chapters also contains policy inputs, framed as propositions, that are intended specifically for decision-makers.The book concludes by offering possible strategies for overcoming the negative effects of ‘robot shock’. The book intends to send a message to leaders of institutions, decision-makers and anyone attempting to understand and explain how we – as a social system – can succeed in tackling the many major challenges and crises faced by humanity.
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Technology Innovation for the Circular Economy : Recycling, Remanufacturing, Design, System Analysis and Logistics
TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION FOR THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY The book comprises 56 peer-reviewed chapters comprehensively covering in-depth areas of circular economy design, planning, business models, and enabling technologies. Some of the greatest opportunities for innovation in the circular economy are in remanufacturing, refurbishment, reuse, and recycling.Critical to its growth, however, are developments in product design approaches and the manufacturing business model that are often met with challenges in the current, largely linear economies of today’s global manufacturing chains. The conference hosted by the REMADE Institute in Rochester, NY, brought together U.S. and international researchers, industry engineers, technologists, and policymakers, to discuss the myriad intertwining issues relating to the circular economy. This book consists of 56 chapters in 10 distinct parts covering broad areas of research and applications in the circular economy area.The first four parts explore the system level work related to circular economy approaches, models and advancements including the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to guide implementation, as well as design for circularity approaches.Mechanical and chemical recycling technologies follow, highlighting some of the most advanced research in those areas.Next, innovation in remanufacturing is addressed with descriptions of some of the most advanced work in this field.This is followed by tire remanufacturing and recycling, highlighting innovative technologies in addressing the volume of end-of-use tires.Pathways to net-zero emissions in manufacturing of materials concludes the book, with a focus on industrial decarbonization. Audience This book has a wide audience in academic institutes, business professionals and engineers in a variety of manufacturing industries.It will also appeal to economists and policymakers working on the circular economy, clean tech investors, industrial decision-makers, and environmental professionals.
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How can one achieve a high-quality economy?
One can achieve a high-quality economy by focusing on factors such as promoting innovation and technology, investing in education and workforce development, maintaining a stable and transparent regulatory environment, fostering entrepreneurship and small business growth, and ensuring fair and competitive markets. Additionally, promoting sustainable practices, reducing income inequality, and prioritizing social welfare programs can also contribute to a high-quality economy. Collaboration between government, businesses, and the community is essential to create a thriving economy that benefits all members of society.
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Free market economy or planned economy?
The choice between a free market economy and a planned economy depends on the specific goals and values of a society. A free market economy allows for individual freedom and competition, which can lead to innovation and efficiency. However, it can also result in inequality and lack of regulation. On the other hand, a planned economy allows for more control and distribution of resources, but it can stifle individual initiative and innovation. Ultimately, the decision between the two depends on the balance a society seeks between individual freedom and social equality.
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Why market economy and not planned economy?
A market economy is preferred over a planned economy because it allows for individual freedom and choice in economic decision-making. In a market economy, prices are determined by supply and demand, leading to efficient allocation of resources. Additionally, competition in a market economy encourages innovation and productivity, driving economic growth. On the other hand, a planned economy, where the government controls production and distribution, can lead to inefficiencies, lack of innovation, and limited consumer choice.
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How are planned economy and shortage economy related?
A planned economy is a system in which the government controls and regulates production, distribution, and prices of goods and services. In a planned economy, resources are allocated based on a central plan rather than market forces. A shortage economy occurs when there is a lack of goods and services available for consumers due to factors such as poor planning, inefficiency, or external shocks. In a planned economy, the risk of a shortage economy is higher as the government may not accurately predict or meet the demands of the population, leading to imbalances in supply and demand.
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